探索事物因果链的说明文，可以列举出导致事物具有自身特征的所有可能性因素，进而全面地均衡，归结出什么是最主要或最根本的原因。在组材时，主要原因详写，写深，写透，次要原因略写，点到即可。 写揭示隐含规律的说明文时，首先必须分清文题所要揭示的是自然规律还是社会规律，或是思维规律。不管哪一类规律，都要从现象入手，在充分占有材料和细心观察的基础上，一步一步地释疑，最后再向读者摊牌。 写事理说明文多用逻辑顺序，即按事物的内在联系和人们的认识规律来安排说明的先后。
逻辑顺序包括由主到次，由整体到局部，由现象到本质，由原因到结果，由概括到具体，由特点到用途。还可以颠倒使用。能否合理地安排说明顺序，不单纯是个方法问题，重要的是看作者对说明对象有没有符合 规律的认识。 为了把事理阐释得清楚明白，事理说明文要采用相应的说明方法。按照大纲的要求，我们要掌握下定义、分类别、举例子、打比方、列数字、作比较、作诊释、列图表、引资料等说明方法。
在第一单元已经对说明方法做了举例说明，这里不准备详细赘述。 下定义，是用简明扼要的语言对某一事物的本质属性或某一概念的内涵和外延做出科学、周全、严密的界说。如《食物从何处来》给“食物”下的定义是:“食物就是一种能够构成躯体和供应能量的物质·一”又如《统筹方法》一文的开头便对统筹方法给以界定，概念确切。
只要举出《仿徨》中的《祝福》、《示众》、《孤独者》、《伤逝》;《野草》中的《这样的战士》、《复仇》、《淡淡的血痕中》;《华盖集》中的《忽然想到》(特别是五至六)、《夏三虫》、:战士和苍蝇》等篇，就可以反驳这种粗率的论断。而同一期间写的《春末闲谈》、《灯下漫笔》、《杂忆》、《论睁了眼看》、《再论雷峰塔的倒掉》等杂感文(后来都收集在《坟》里。闪耀着革命真理的工作;正如瞿秋白所批评的:“《坟》以及整部的《华盖集》……(《鲁迅杂感选集•序言都包含着猛烈的攻击统治阶级的火焰。”杂感文为限，因此《仿徨》与《野草》没有提到。)
只要是善于读鲁讯的守卓的人.商当最认瞿蔽自的歉.县对的_然而，在前引的一段意见中，我们承认有一点是说对了的，就是鲁迅的思想和情怀经过了几度转变，这种转变过程不能不影响到他的文字的内容与情调。大革命失败不久之后，他从实践和理论上解决了“新的战友在那里”在某种意义的苦闷问题，于是采取正过渡期间带着阴郁和怀疑的色彩的笔调是两样的。
和人民大众的内外敌人矍战，他的笔锋正象出删的新刃，直刺入民众敌人和民族世仇的内心，这和他在面打击黑暗的战斗方式，回复了“五四”时代的明快犀利矫健刚劲的作风。但他的晚年的文字，却又不同于“五四”时代的文字，因为它对于现实的反应特别敏锐、广泛、深刻、有力，它表现了新人群的悲苦、怨愤、挣扎、觉醒、怒吼、驰突和苦战，泛溢着鲜爽雄壮的集体主冬朝气:恰象破晓前的洪钟声引起山鸣谷应，使漏夜在荒野长征的人群忘了寂寞和倦怠，而想起了曙光不久就要照临，因而更坚定了并格伤了一同前讲的步伐。
鲁迅的民主主义思想的一个最大特点，就在于他处处以人舞为本位，坚决主张用人民的自觉与行动，来对抗反动统治者的专横与压迫。他认为一切反动统治者及其思想代表所想到的.治国方法”，“都是为了治民众者即权势者设想的方法，为民众本身的，却一点也没有。”
一、 解决方法题型
考生要列举出解决问题的多种途径
１． 问题现状
２． 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状)
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三).
Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future isawaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).
二、说明利弊题型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）
１． 说明事物现状
２． 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）
３． 你对现状（或前景）的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(Ａ的优点之一). Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)．)
三、议论文的框架
(1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
议论文模板
1.正反观点式议论文模板：
导入：第1段：Recently we've had a discussion about whether we should... （导入话题）
Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧）
正文：第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.（正方观点）
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)
第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. （反方观点）
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What's more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)
结论：第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.（个人观点） 。
2."A或者B"类议论文模板：
导入：第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文：第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因)
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势)
结论：第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论)
3.观点论述类议论文模板：
导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. （亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对）
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. （过渡句，承上启下）
正文：第2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)
结论：第3段：In conclusion, I believe that... （照应第1段，构成"总-分-总"结构）
4."How to"类议论文模板：
导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文：第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)
结论：第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)